Settings for WAV Extractor

Sometimes, an audio CD may contain tracks with different volume levels. If you want to make the volume level the same for all the tracks on the audio CD, you can enable normalization, which will make adjustments to the track volume for you.

The upper and lower boundaries, as well as the normalization values, can be specified in the four edit boxes. The values are in percentages. Keep in mind that this option only works when the On-the-fly encoding option is disabled.

Default settings:

Lower Normalization value: 98%

Upper Normalization value: 98%

Lower value 90%

Upper value 98%

How does normalization work?

First, Lavavo CD Ripper determines the maximum level (the "peak level") in the sound file. The peak level is determined by taking the absolute value of the raw sample values. The raw samples values (16 bit) range between -32768 up to 32767. When ripping a file, the peak level is also expressed in decibels (dB). This value is determined by the following formula: peak level dB = 20 log (signal / 32767) if signal > 0, and set to -96 dB if the signal is 0.

Then, depending on the settings, it will scale the data to the requested level. So for example, when you have the following settings:

To 80% if signal < 88%

To 98% if signal > 95%

If the peak level of the sound file is 50%, then the data is scaled to 80%, so all samples are multiplied by a factor 80/50 = 1.60 If the peak level of the file is 99%, then the data is scaled to 98%, so all samples are multiplied by a factor 98/99 = 0.989.

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